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　　Types of PON Technology

　　At present, the PON technologies mainly used are EPON and GPON, and there are APON (ATM PON) and BPON before. The biggest difference between various PON technologies is the number of

　　It varies according to the connection layer protocol.

　　APON/BPON

　　In the mid-1990s, some major network operators established the Full Service Access Network Alliance (FSAN), the purpose of which was to develop a unified standard for PON equipment to enable

　　Equipment manufacturers and operators enter the PON equipment market together to compete.

　　The first result is the standardization of the original PON system in the IUTG.983 series of recommendations. Since ATM is used as the bearer protocol, the system is called APON

　　(ATMPON) system, because it was often misunderstood as only providing ATM services, it was renamed the Broadband Passive Optical Network (BPON) system to indicate that this system

　　It can provide broadband services such as Ethernet access, video distribution, and high-speed leased lines. But for this generation of FSAN systems, the most commonly used name is APON. later,

　　The APON standard is enhanced, and functions such as protection and dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) have been added.

　　Now, whether it is the long-distance core transmission network or the convergence layer of the metropolitan access network, digital communication technology has gradually shifted from ATM-centric to IP-based.

　　to provide video, audio and data communications. Since IP requires the data to be transmitted to be divided into variable-length packets, APON transmits fixed-length cells.

　　APON cannot be used to transmit IP services, and has problems such as high complexity and low data transmission efficiency, and has been gradually withdrawn from the market in the competition.

　　Therefore, only the access network structure that can adapt to both the current access and the core technology of the future network can make the future all-optical IP network a reality.

　　EPON

　　Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON: Ethernet Passive Optical Network) is a combination of Ethernet and PON. It uses PON technology in the physical layer.

　　The link layer uses the Ethernet protocol, and uses the PON topology to realize the access of the Ethernet.

　　In EPON, according to the IEEE802.3 Ethernet protocol, the data packets of variable length are transmitted, which are suitable for carrying IP services.

　　As one of the PON technologies, EPON has the advantages of both Ethernet and PON, such as: easy compatibility with existing Ethernet, low cost, high bandwidth, networking

　　Features such as flexibility. It is one of the optical access technologies favored by mainstream operators when it is applied to broadband access with high network bandwidth and performance, and reduces maintenance costs.

　　GPON

　　GPON (Gigabit Capable PON) was first proposed by FSAN in September 2002, and ITU-T completed ITU-T in March 2003 on this basis.

　　The formulation of TG.984.1 and G.984.2, the standardization of G9843 was completed in February and June 2004. Thus finally formed the standard family of GPON.

　　The technical feature of GPON is that it draws on the GFP (Generic Framing-Procedure, general framing procedure) defined by ITU-T at the second layer, and extends the support for

　　Ethernet, TDM, ATM and other services are encapsulated into GEM (Genera Encapsulation Methods) frames and then transmitted by the PON. GEM frame header contains frame

　　The length indication byte can be used for the transmission of variable-length data packets, which improves the transmission efficiency, so it can support the whole service more simply, universally and efficiently. Currently, GPON

　　Because of its higher bandwidth, longer transmission distance and powerful OAM capability, it is becoming the most widely used optical access mainstream technology.